Library
Base64 Encoding Explained: How It Works & When to Use It
Base64 converts binary data into plain ASCII text by mapping every 3 bytes to 4 characters from a 64-symbol alphabet. Originally designed for email in the late 1980s, it now underpins data URIs, JWT tokens, HTTP Basic Auth, and PEM certificates. The trade-off is a 33% size increase -- but the point is compatibility, not efficiency.